Migraine or headache? Discover the differences and how to identify each one

The feeling of pain in the head is something that practically everyone experiences at some point in their life. However, not all headaches are the same. Among the most common types, migraine stands out, which is often confused with common headaches.

Despite appearing similar at first glance, these conditions have different origins, symptoms and treatments. Knowing how to differentiate them can be essential to seek the correct relief and better understand what is happening to your body.

Migraine is a complex neurological condition marked by intense attacks that can include throbbing pain, nausea, and sensitivity to light and sound. On the other hand, the most common headache, such as tension headache, tends to be less disabling and short-lived. Understanding the differences between these conditions is crucial to treating them effectively and preventing them from harming quality of life.

Discover, below, the characteristics that separate migraines from headaches, as well as their similarities and differences.

What is the difference between a migraine and a headache?

What is it and how does it occur?

Migraine is a chronic neurological condition that involves changes in brain activity and blood vessels, resulting in intense attacks of throbbing pain. It usually affects only one side of the head and is accompanied by other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and extreme sensitivity to light and sound.

Common headaches, such as tension headaches, are caused by external factors such as stress, muscle tension or dehydration, and affect both sides of the head with constant, less intense pain.

Why does it occur?

While simple headaches are often triggered by temporary factors, such as lack of sleep or excessive alcohol consumption, migraines are related to genetic predispositions and chemical changes in the brain, such as fluctuations in serotonin. Factors such as stress, hormonal changes, prolonged fasting and even certain foods can trigger migraine attacks.

Where and how often does it occur?

Migraines usually occur on one side of the head, but can spread to both sides in some cases. Attacks can last from 4 to 72 hours and, on average, occur once or twice a month, depending on the severity of the condition. Tension headaches affect the front or both sides of the head and, in most cases, last a few hours and can be daily or sporadic.

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What diseases or health conditions are they associated with?

Migraines are often associated with conditions such as anxiety, depression, insomnia and hormonal disorders. Tension headaches can be linked to problems such as poor posture, chronic stress and bruxism (teeth grinding).

Similarities and differences

Both cause discomfort in the head, but migraines are generally more debilitating, accompanied by symptoms that impact daily activities. While tension headaches have a feeling of pressure or tightness, migraines cause throbbing pain.

Additionally, migraines can include a so-called “aura,” a set of visual or sensory symptoms that precede the pain, such as bright spots or tingling.

The information in this text is informative and does not replace guidance from health professionals. Consult a doctor or specialist to evaluate your case.