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New medical model aims to improve cancer treatments
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Data from the National Cancer Institute (Inca) shows 704 thousand new cases of the disease between 2023 and 2025 in Brazil, exceeding the number of cases in the previous three years by 12.6%. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) used its statistical database, the Global Cancer Observatory (Globocan), to predict that the number of cancer cases in Inca will double by 2050. The increase in cases international rates should be 77% within the stipulated period.
How personalized medicine works
Doctors and researchers are currently seeking personalized medicine, a medical model that investigates an individual's genetic data into optimized therapies, to serve their patients and adapt treatment to each person's individual characteristics. This treatment works because cancer differs according to the patient's environment and lifestyle and therefore, one cancer will never be completely the same as another.
In the past there was not much distinction between types of cancer as they were all considered a single disease, however the fact is that there are different mutations that can occur specifically in certain tumors, the important thing for doctors is to identify the changes to determine the right therapy with minimal side effects and better results for the patient.
In an interview with the news portal O GLOBO, Mariana Laloni, technical medical director of Oncoclínicas&Co, states that: “Today, personalized medicine is already a reality in the sense that we have a much greater diagnostic capacity for the genetic changes that occur in the tumor and that is why we have new treatment options aimed at these changes.
Despite the pros of personalized medicine, its experts still consider chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery and hormonal blockades as important weapons in the fight against cancer, especially for early cases; In the same interview, Sérgio Roithmann, head of the Oncology Service at Hospital Moinhos de Vento, explains in O GLOBO: “Targeted therapies and immunotherapy are bringing more options, but they certainly do not eliminate more conventional treatments. What we are doing today is combining treatments to make them more effective“.
Preventive medicine also helps in preventing these diseases, especially in detecting hereditary cancers in high-risk families. There are mutations that can increase the risk of cancer, such as the BRCA gene mutation, which results in breast cancer. If any type of mutation is detected, it is possible to carry out disease prevention therapy or medical monitoring with more caution, for example, through more frequent screening tests.
However, these analyzes require genetic tests with more restricted accessibility to work and, even though the current price is better compared to previous years, the cost is projected to range from R$2,000 to R$9,000 reais. Sequencing the analysis takes around three weeks to be ready.
Patient and doctors during radiotherapy session (Photo: reproduction/Yui Mok/PA Images/Getty Images Embed)
What to expect in the future and additional treatment details
Currently, Inca patients in the Genetics Division are allowed to have the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes sequenced, free of charge. It is expected that other genes can be sequenced in the coming years. There are also several manufacturers of targeted therapies, they carry out genetic tests that investigate whether there are mutations in the patient that can be combatted with the medicines that the industry has.
Precision therapy has several “weapons” at its disposal, such as: the already mentioned target therapies, monoclonal antibodies created to destroy proteins in tumors and CAR-T cells which, due to the way they originate and act in the body, can be considered as personalized medicine.
There is great hope that there will be new strategies in the future, such as individualized vaccines and new cancer medications.
One possibility of precision medicine is to help investigate the mechanisms of resistance of tumors against drugs, since cancer may respond initially but progress after a while, with this therapy the chances of the disease going unnoticed would decrease.
This strategy could become very important in diagnoses and especially in screening, given the advancement of blood tests that detect signs of cancer earlier than current imaging tests can track.
Featured Photo: Technology and personalized medicine brings treatment closer to the patient (Reproduction/Getty Images News/Getty Images Embed)
New medical model aims to improve cancer treatments
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New medical model aims to improve cancer treatments