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They marched in line, interacted with guests, and even served drinks while chatting. The vision of the future presented by Elon Musk with his Optimus humanoid robots at Tesla's Cybercab event held earlier this month was as impressive as it was unbelievable.
This last point is crucial: the robots were not operating completely autonomously, but were being controlled remotely by humans. Although they were able to walk the streets in the company's big parade to showcase their technology, practically everything they did that night relied on human intervention.
“We are in the proof-of-concept phase of robotics. While we have seen many demonstrations online and in presentations, these machines are designed for controlled environments and limited use,” says Nayan Jain, executive director of artificial intelligence at the digital products studio. ustwo.
Jain is optimistic about the future of robots, but believes that for some of the best-known examples, it will still be some time before they become reality. “The robotic future is coming, but it may take longer than we think.”
Still, humanoid robots are on the verge of widespread adoption. In the United States, they already work alongside humans in factories, albeit in isolated areas. In other parts of the world, the robotic future is even closer and, in some cases, has already arrived.
In August, China hosted the World Robot Conference in Beijing, where more than 30 humanoid robots from private companies and university laboratories were showcased. The majority of representatives were from the country itself, highlighting the domestic advancement of technology.
The Chinese government announced during the event that it hopes to begin mass production of the most advanced humanoid robots by 2025 and that it will allocate public funds to this end. Currently, China is the main hub for the industry, with half of all robotic installations in the world in 2022 taking place within its borders.
Interest in humanoid robots has existed throughout history. However, programming them is a complex task, mainly due to the large number of movements they can perform, which makes precise control extremely difficult.
“You (robots) humanoids are hot right now and a lot of that is due to the introduction of artificial intelligence, which is really adding value, just as it is doing in other industries,” notes Peggy Johnson, CEO of Agility Roboticsa company that provides automation solutions based on its Digit humanoid robot.
“We use AI to teach robots new skills, rather than just relying on engineers to program them. With language models like ChatGPT, we can quickly teach Digit new skills.”
“As the world’s first logistics company to use humanoid robots in real operations, we are paving the way for the entire industry and beyond,” says Adrian Stoch, director of automation at GXO Logistics. The company's Operational Incubator program is testing robots in a variety of roles to find out where they do best.
So far, the program has contributed feedback and data that helped increase battery life, improve the ability to carry heavier loads, and improve the footprint and stability of prototypes.
Other companies are also starting to adopt robots in their production lines. In South Carolina, USA, Figure 02, a robot from the Figure AI startup, was tested at a BMW factory. It has built-in visual language models that understand and react to commands received by its six cameras, learning as it operates.
In February 2024, the startup raised $675 million in a Series B funding round. This level of investment is significant – and it's just the beginning, according to analysts at Morgan Stanley. The bank projects that the potential market for humanoid robots could reach trillions of dollars.
These investments will help reduce the production and operating costs of robots, making them competitive with the human workforce. Morgan Stanley estimates that a humanoid robot costing US$50,000, with a useful life of 50,000 hours, would have an operating cost of approximately US$1 per hour. This is much more economical compared to human labor, which costs an average of $20 per hour and whose costs continue to rise due to wage inflation.
However, being on the brink of a technological revolution does not mean it is ready for mass deployment. “While we are extremely excited about the opportunities that (robots) humanoids present, we still have a long way to go before large-scale implementation is viable”, says Stoch.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Chris Stokel-Walker is a British journalist whose works are regularly published in outlets such as Wired, The Economist and Insider find out more
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Wait: you'll get a robot colleague sooner than you think