What is front end, back end and full stack in programming?

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Programming is a fascinating area that has been transforming the way we interact with technology. From websites and applications to complex artificial intelligence systems, everything depends on the work of programmers to come to life. Within this universe, the concepts of front end, back end and full stack play essential roles. They define the different aspects of software development and help organize the responsibilities of professionals working in this area.

If you've ever browsed a website, seen an app in action, or used any digital tool, chances are you've experienced collaboration between these three areas. Understanding what they are and how they relate to each other is essential for both beginners and those looking to specialize in the area of ​​programming. Now understand what each of these terms means, their main differences and how they affect the development of modern applications.

What is front end, back end and full stack in programming?

In the programming world, software development is divided into several layers. This division helps to organize work and create more efficient and functional products. The main categories are front end, back end and full stack. Below, we explain what each one represents:

What is front end?

The front end is the visible layer of software, what the user sees and interacts with directly. He is responsible for creating the user interface (UI) and ensuring a fluid experience (UX).

Front end developers work with technologies such as:

• HTML (HyperText Markup Language): the basic structure of web pages.
• CSS (Cascading Style Sheets): responsible for design, colors, fonts and layout.
• JavaScript: adds interactivity, such as animations or responses to button clicks.

An example of applying the front end is creating a button on a website. The developer defines its position, color and behavior when clicked. The goal is to offer the end user an intuitive and visually pleasing experience.

What is backend?

The back end is the “invisible part” in software programming, where the magic happens. It involves the systems and servers that process data, execute logic, and ensure that the front end functions correctly.

Back end developers use technologies such as:

• Programming languages: Python, PHP, Ruby, Java, among others.
• Databases: MySQL, MongoDB and PostgreSQL, to store information.
• APIs (Application Programming Interfaces): allow communication between different systems.

For example, in an online store, when a customer adds a product to the cart, it is the back end that records this action in the database and checks the availability of the item in stock. The focus of the back end is to ensure that the system works safely and efficiently.

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What is full stack?

The full stack developer is the one who moves between the front end and the back end, being able to work at all stages of development. They have a complete view of the project and can solve problems in both the interface and the operating logic.

Although being full stack does not mean having a thorough understanding of everything, these professionals have comprehensive and flexible knowledge, which makes them valuable for smaller teams or multifaceted projects.

Main differences between front end, back end and full stack

Why is it important to understand these differences?

Knowing what front end, back end and full stack are helps you choose the most suitable career for your profile within the schedule. If you like design and interaction, the front end could be ideal. If you prefer to solve complex problems and work with data, the back end is the natural choice. If you are looking to be a complete professional, the full stack path can be challenging and rewarding.