Beautician reveals the secrets to impeccable skin

In an exclusive interview with Casa Afrilatest, beautician Pietra Bertolini provided in -depth analysis of skin care, revealing valuable information for an effective routine.

Pietra-who on her social networks is known as “cosmetics unraveling”-analyzes from the importance of knowing the skin type to extra care that can be added to the routine, such as facial masks and serums, deepening in technical and practical details.

The beautician reinforces the crucial importance of identifying her own skin type for an effective care routine. “The skin, the largest organ in the human body, varies significantly from person to person, playing an essential role in protecting external aggressions, such as pollution, UV radiation and microorganisms,” he says.

Knowing your skin type allows the choice of appropriate products and treatments, preventing problems such as acne, excessive dryness or awareness, directly impacting the effectiveness of the care routine.

The beautician details the four types:

• Oily: Produces excess sebum, tends to acne and dilated pores.

• Drought: has low sebum production and can peel and have a feeling of tightness.

• Mixed: Combines oily areas (usually in the T zone) and dry areas (in the cheeks and around the eyes).

• Sensitive: Easily reacts to cosmetic products and may have redness, itching and irritation.

However, it warns that this traditional classification can be limited to understanding the complexity of human skin. For this, she recommends the most detailed system of dermatologist Lesley Baumann, which categorizes 16 skin types based on four factors:

• Oily vs. Drought (D): Evaluate sebum production.

• Sensitive (s) vs. Resistant (R): Determines skin reactivity.

• Pigmented (P) vs. Not pigmented (n): Consider the propensity for hyperpigmentation and blemishes.

• Prone to Aging (W – Wrinkle -Prone) vs. Resistant to aging (T – tight): analyzes the tendency to premature aging.

Pietra warns of the importance of reading product labels and avoiding ingredients that can cause allergies or irritation, especially for those with sensitive skin, which may be burning, redness or dryness when testing a new cosmetic. She highlights three main villains:

Fragrances: Essential perfumes and oils, common in cosmetics, can be a trigger for irritation on sensitive skin.

Sumpersar: Some cleans remove natural hydration from the skin. Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) and Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES) may be aggressive, while Decyl Glucoside and Cocamiopropyl Betaine are more delicate.

Alcohol: Denat, Ethanol and Isopropyl Alcohol alcohol can cause dryness and irritation on sensitive skin, while fatty alcohols such as Cetyl Alcohol and Staryl Alcohol are beneficial for hydration.

The beautician recommends a complete morning routine, focusing on cleaning, hydration and sun protection:

Cleaning: Removes excess oil, sweat residues and impurities produced at night

Oily Skin: Soft and refreshing cleaning gel.

Dry or sensitive skin: creamy cleanser or micellar water.

If the skin wakes up clean and without excessive oil, it can only wash with water.

Hydration: Essential to keep the skin balanced and healthy

Drought: dense moisturizers, with creamy texture and ingredients such as ceramides and vegetable oils.

Oily: Lightweight moisturizer, gel or lotion, with dry touch and brightness control.

Sensitive: soothing moisturizers, without fragrances and with ingredients such as aloe vera and panthenol.

Sunscreen: essential to protect the skin from sun damage, such as spots, wrinkles and skin cancer

SPF 30 or more, at least.

SPF 50 or higher for those who spend a lot of time outdoors.

Oil-free and oily skin matte formulas.

Moisturizing sunscreens for dry skin.

Reapply every 3 hours or more often in case of excessive sweating or contact with water.

Pietra also highlights the importance of protecting the skin from Exposoma – a definition that encompasses all environmental factors that harm the skin, including UV rays, pollutants and blue light – and, to combat these challenges, it recommends:

Daily sunscreen: SPF 30 or more for protection against UV rays, visible light and infrared radiation.

Antipolition products: antioxidants such as vitamin C, niacinamide and resveratrol to neutralize pollution damage.

Effective and kind cleaning: Clean the skin at night with a suitable cleaning to remove impurities without drying out.

Hydration and strengthening of skin barrier: moisturizers with ceramides, hyaluronic acid and panthenol to protect and balance the skin.

Bertolini emphasizes the importance of night routine to remove accumulated impurities during the day and promote skin regeneration:

Makeup removal and impurities: Use makeup or cleaning oil to dissolve oily waste.

Deep but smooth cleaning: wash your face with a soap suitable for the skin type to remove dirt and oiliness.

Hydration and Repair: Apply a moisturizer with ingredients such as hyaluronic acid, ceramides and panthenol to strengthen the skin barrier.

Night Treatments (Optional): Acids (retinol, glycolic acid), whitening or anti-aging serums, applied before the moisturizer (optional).

The professional explains that exfoliation removes surface cells, promoting cell renewal, but should be done with caution, respecting the function of skin barrier. The ideal frequency varies according to the type of skin, age and individual tolerance:

Oily or acneic: frequent exfoliation, with salicylic acid for control of greasiness and pores clearance.

Normal and Mixed: Regular exfoliation to maintain the lush and cell renewal, two to three times a week or more in mature skins.

Dry and sensitive: more delicate exfoliation, with gentle exfoliators and reinforced hydration, as needed by the skin.

Bertolini also details the types of exfoliation, below:

Chemistry: uses acids such as salicylic, glycolic, mandelic and lactic to renew the skin without friction.

Enzyme: Made with natural enzymes such as papain and bromelain, to dissolve superficial cells without removing natural protection, ideal for sensitive skin.

Physics (mechanics): uses exfoliating particles such as post vegetables or microspheres, but should be used in moderation as it can be aggressive.

Bertolini stresses that hydration is essential to maintain healthy and protected skin barrier, and that each skin type needs a specific moisturizer:

Oily: Lightweight moisturizers with dry touch, and ingredients such as niacinamide and hyaluronic acid.

Drought: dense and nutritious moisturizers, rich in ceramids, squalom, shea butter and vegetable oils.

Sensitive: Formulas without fragrances and annoying alcohol, with soothing ingredients such as panthenol, colloidal oats and allantoin.

Normal and mixed: Moisturizers with fluid texture or lotion, combining humectants and light emollients.

Bertolini explains that the ideal FPS varies according to the skin type and that the effectiveness of sunscreen depends on the amount applied and the reapplication throughout the day:

Clear and sensitive: SPF 50 or higher.

Intermediate: SPF 30 to 50.

Black: SPF 30 or more.

She also points out that the ideal amount of sunscreen is a teaspoon full for the face and neck, reapplied every 2 to 3 hours, and that spreading too much the product can compromise protection.

Bertolini clarifies that facial masks, serums and essential oils are optional complements to the care routine:

Facial Masks: They can be used as a time of self -care, but do not replace a good moisturizer.

Serums: These are light -textured and fast -absorbing treatment products, suitable for specific needs such as stains, acne or signs of aging.

Essential Oils: They should be used with caution as they can cause irritation. Vegetable oils, such as Squalane or Jojoba, are safe options for hydration.

Bertolini concludes the interview by reinforcing that, despite an effective skincare routine, some conditions require professional attention from experts such as stress pharmacists, steets and dermatologists:

1. Persistent acne, melasma, rosacea or other conditions that do not improve with home skycare.

2. Treatment of signs of aging or aesthetic procedures.

3. Sensitive, irritated or frequent peeling skin.

4. Professional evaluation of the skin and indication of proper products and treatments.